In contrast, however, allelic heterogeneity within a given Mafa- DRB configuration is even less frequently observed than in rhesus macaques. Humans and chimpanzees possess a low number of different DRB region configurations in concert with a high degree of allelic variation. A total of 49 Mafa-DRB region configurations were detected, of which 28 have not yet been described. Haplotyping and subsequent sequencing resulted in the detection of 118 alleles, including 28 unreported ones. MtDNA analysis showed that most animals originated from the Indonesian islands, but some are derived from the mainland, south and north of the Isthmus of Kra. For the present study, a cohort of 230 cynomolgus monkeys, including self-sustaining breeding groups, has been examined. This approach resulted previously in the description of unique and haplotype-specific DRB-STR length patterns in humans, chimpanzees, and rhesus macaques.
A highly variable short tandem repeat (STR) present in intron 2 of nearly all primate DRB genes can be utilized as a quick and accurate high through-put typing procedure. The DR region of primate species is generally complex and displays diversity concerning the number and combination of distinct types of DRB genes present per region configuration.
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